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•As covering array strength increased, the difference between minimum and maximum code coverage became narrower; thus, higher strength test arrays produced better coverage and were also more stable in the level of coverage produced. A testing strategy based around deliberately introducing faults into a system and then determining the effectiveness of test data by measuring how many of these faults it detects. The faults introduced are typically small , and mutation testing is based on the assumption that data that detect these small faults are also going to be effective at detecting bigger ones. In practice a large number of mutants are created automatically, each containing one fault.

Subsequently, it is explained how this technique works for more complex combinations of conditions. Where Semantic testing focuses on testing individual decision points, Elementary comparison testing is used for testing functionality that consists of multiple decision points. MCDC is the standard coverage type for the test design techniques Semantic Testing and Elementary Comparison Testing.

• These findings indicate that, under conditions of reduced astrocytic coverage of neurons, diffusion is facilitated and takes place in a reduced volume.
• Whether the message sent is mapped onto EC-AGCH or EC-PCH is conveyed through a message type field in the message itself.
• Illustrates the savings in downlink monitoring for a CC4 device detecting the TSC indicating CC1 block, six bursts into the CC4 block.
• This tool presents a simulation environment to simulate the abstract test cases against the FBD models, and also a search-based algorithm to generate executable test cases in C.
• Finally, the test data used during test cases can be also generated automatically based on models by using test data generators.
• Class C Interest Coverage Test means the test which will be satisfied as of any Measurement Date if, on such Measurement Date, the Class C Interest Coverage Ratio is at least equal to the percentage specified in the definition of “Coverage Test”.

The percentage of conditions within decision expressions that have been evaluated to both true and false. Note that 100% condition coverage does not guarantee 100% decision coverage. For example, “if (A || B) else ” is tested with , , then A and B will both have been evaluated to 0 and 1, but the else branch will not be taken because neither test leaves both A and B false. This is a strong coverage criterion that is required by the US Federal Aviation Administration for Level A software; i.e., software whose failure could lead to loss of function necessary for safe operation. It requires that every condition in a decision in the program has taken on all possible outcomes at least once, and each condition has been shown to independently affect the decision outcome, and that each entry and exit point have been invoked at least once.

However, in practice, these principles are likely to be misinterpreted such that developers often neglect documenting customer requirements properly. Frequently, this leads to chaos in the development process and to conflicts during the delivery and acceptance. Thus, it is a challenge to follow the principles of the agile manifesto and thereby not to lose sight of the proper documentation and communication of customer needs and of the efficient and effective development. In order to benefit from model-based techniques in a development process, some efforts must be expended, e.g., for introducing tools, training developers and testers, creating and maintaining models, etc. Only a few investigate non-functional testing such as performance testing, load testing, and usability testing.

IoT protocols, architectures, and applications

To efficiently perform the tests, VERA also provides a library containing common vulnerability test patterns for modeling. In the not-so-distant past, code coverage tools were specialist items provided by third-party EDA vendors. However, this capability is now considered important enough that all of the big boys have code coverage integrated into their verification environments, but, of course, the feature sets vary among offerings.

Various scheduling designs are compared with the aim of maximizing the transmission reliability. Use cases in the distribution segment include remote meter reading, Real Time Pricing , and Object Relational Mapping . In the study ORM is considered to be the most demanding use case for the presented suitability assessment of NB-IoT technology in smart grids, meter reading is considered as background traffic. The network generally consists of a ring of substations , from where distribution feeders originate in a radial topology towards multiple households, each with a smart meter installed. The scheduler combining Earliest Due Date First and Shortest Processing Time First prioritization with Maximum Granularity Allocation subcarrier allocation achieves the highest reliability for nearly all outage percentages. We see a performance degradation as the granularity of the UL subcarrier allocation decreases .

Related Definitions

Conditions of Contract means those statements contained in or delivered with your Ticket/s or Itinerary/Receipt, identified as such and which incorporate by reference, these Conditions of Carriage and notices. The project life cycle, an abstract interface with tool-specific adapters is strongly encouraged. This flexibility and configurability of MBT enables reflection https://globalcloudteam.com/ in agile development. A particular focus was given to Smart Grids application, which represent one of the target use cases that steered most the NB-IoT development. ] that allows mutations to be made on models and generates richer test cases from both original and mutated models to detect if models contain certain user-selectable or seeded faults.

] is used to guide the test generation and ensure the test cases are relatively equally distributed over the possible data space. The generated test cases can be applied to numeric simulation and circuit simulation domains. Whether the message sent is mapped onto EC-AGCH or EC-PCH is conveyed through a message type field in the message itself.

Setting the (MCDC) Definition Used for Simulink Coverage Coverage Analysis

For some, it appeared that improved coverage was not simply the result of additional tests at higher t levels, but in some other cases, test suite size, coupled with greater input combination diversity, was responsible for the improvement. •Statement coverage is the proportion of source statements exercised by the test set. Statement coverage is a relatively weak criterion, but provides a level of confidence that some basic testing has been definition of condition coverage done. The EC-PDTCH/U peak physical layer data rate matches the EC-PDTCH/D 489.6kbps across the 20ms TTI. For devices only supporting GMSK modulation on the transmitter side, the highest modulation and coding scheme is MCS-4, which contains a RLC/MAC header of 4 octets and a single RLC block of 44 octets. In this case 16 MCS-4 RLC blocks can be scheduled during 40ms every 120ms leading to an uplink peak MAC-layer data rate of 51.2kbps.

Function coverage will be satisfied if, during this execution, the function foo was called at least once. Independence of a condition is shown by proving that only one condition changes at a time. Each condition in a decision is shown to independently affect the outcome of the decision. Errors and Omissions Insurance Policy means an errors and omissions insurance policy maintained by the Master Servicer, the Special Servicer, the Trustee, the Custodian or the Certificate Administrator, as the case may be, in accordance with Section 8.2, Section 9.2 and Section 7.17, respectively. Fidelity Insurance means insurance coverage with respect to employee errors, omissions, dishonesty, forgery, theft, disappearance and destruction, robbery and safe burglary, property and computer fraud in an aggregate amount acceptable to Seller’s regulators. Requirements addressed in other ASC Conditions for Coverage are important components of the provision of surgical services in a “safe manner,” and condition-level deficiencies in these other areas may also constitute condition-level noncompliance with the Surgical Services Condition.

coverage | Business English

Most of the diagrams have a simple syntax and fairly clear semantics such that customer and developer can easily learn how to express their requirements more precisely, thus enabling the principle close collaboration. The changes in requirements can easily be made on the already created models, thus improving fast adaptation. Models can also support the conversation between team members, where the results of a discussion can be edited into the models immediately. Also the simplicity principle can be supported by models by using the abstraction, modularization, and decomposition features of modeling. This can result from mistakes made during the modeling process or from inadequately chosen coverage criteria. ] is an open-source tool that generates test cases from models of finite-state machines or function nets.

That is, it is only after decoding the block that the device will know whether the message sent was carried by EC-AGCH or EC-PCH. In case of EC-AGCH, only one device can be addressed by the message sent, whereas for EC-PCH up to two devices can be addressed by the same message. And then tested with the objective of achieving MCDC requirements specified by the Federal Aviation Administration. So, in our example, the 3 following tests would be sufficient for 100% Condition coverage testing. TMAP is Sogeti’s body of knowledge for quality engineering in IT delivery and builds on practical experience from thousands of people since 1995, keeping up with changing businesses and technology.

Over a range of vaccination scenarios the model informs as to the effectiveness of various levels of vaccination coverage on prison reception. Compare these health insurance plans to ensure that you have adequate coverage for your needs. Sometimes it seems that press coverage of an event is inversely proportional to its true importance .

Conditions for Coverage (CfCs) & Conditions of Participations (CoPs)

This data rate can be compared with the often referred to physical layer data rate of 489.6kbps that can be reached across the EC-PDTCH/D 20ms TTI. High data rates on link level can be translated into a high spectral efficiency, which is of importance for the system as a whole in terms of system capacity. For the individual device the support of a flexible range of data rates in combination with a proper link adaptation equates to improved latency and battery life when radio conditions improve. Based on your definitions, it looks like edge coverage does not imply condition coverage, but condition coverage does imply edge coverage. In other words, by covering all conditions, you will be guaranteed to cover every edge; but by covering every edge, you are not guaranteed to cover every condition.

This criterion extends condition/decision criteria with requirements that each condition should affect the decision outcome independently. Software authors can look at test coverage results to devise additional tests and input or configuration sets to increase the coverage over vital functions. Two common forms of test coverage are statement coverage and branch coverage. Line coverage reports on the execution footprint of testing in terms of which lines of code were executed to complete the test. Edge coverage reports which branches or code decision points were executed to complete the test. The meaning of this depends on what form of coverage have been used, as 67% branch coverage is more comprehensive than 67% statement coverage.

Examples of Conditions for Coverage in a sentence

Especially the automation of the test design task, which is the most costly and time-consuming part in testing, leads to more efficiency. Test automation is the key for assuring working software, frequent delivery, sustainable development, and a constant pace. Applied combinatorial methods in producing MCDC-adequate test suites for a component of software defined radio system, showing that tests based on covering arrays could produce 100% MCDC coverage. Recall that MCDC subsumes branch coverage, which in turn subsumes statement coverage, so full MCDC coverage means that statement and branch coverage were 100% as well. A key feature in the application of MCDC is that tests are constructed based on requirements. Achieving structural coverage is viewed as a check that the test set is adequate, i.e., the MCDC source coverage is not the goal in itself, only a metric for evaluating the adequacy of the test set.

Within the DVB-T2 channel, because of low power (between -38 and -36 dBm) that could transmit the small cell without interfering with the DVB-T2 channel. The NB-IoT small cell could transmit up to 15 dBm for adjacent channel with a 1 MHz guard band and there is no angular antenna discrimination. If it is considered, the improvement in the EIRP will be equivalent to the antenna discrimination . The maximum allowable EIRP that the IoT devices can transmit varies between 9 and 14 dBm for the best case with a 2 MHz guard band. For the most restrictive case it is possible to transmit between 3 and 8 dBm with the same guard band, being this power enough to ensure a right operation.

Conditions for Coverage definition

We believe that model-based techniques, in particular model-based testing, can help in dealing with these challenges. Thereby, we can use abstract models as primary development and testing artifacts for different tasks of developers and testers, e.g., for supporting the communication, documentation, and automation. ] is an open-source tool based on extended finite-state machines specialized for testing the APIs of software. A Scala-based domain-specific language is used to create the models with features for probabilistic and nondeterministic transitions, component models with inheritance, and exceptions.

The performance using unicast transmission is compared to the one using Single Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM), a feature introduced in Rel-14 of NB-IoT standard to enable multicast communication. The gains in terms of delivery time introduced by SC-PTM are quite obvious w.r.t. unicast. For unicast mode the delivery time varies from the order of hours to 1 day when increasing the ISD from 500 m to 1732 m, while it varies from the order of minutes to 1 hour for the SC-PTM.

In order to ensure complete Condition coverage criteria for the above example, A, B and C should be evaluated at least once against “true” and “false”. According to the definition of MCDC, every condition should determine the outcome of the decision at least once. Then all the other conditions in that situation should be given a value that does not influence the outcome of the decision. If the outcome of the condition changes then the outcome of the whole decision point changes with it.

For each of the counties in our sample, knowing the aggregate coverage level limits the possible range of black and white coverage levels. Issues of independence and transparency may be more complicated for private payer technology coverage decisions. For example, a no boundary extension rule would result in more accurate representations but in less predictive coverage. Satellite technology offers the opportunity, as never before, for continuous television coverage of major international events. Qualifying Termination means any of the events described in Section 3.2 herein, the occurrence of which triggers the payment of Severance Benefits hereunder. Approved Leave of Absence means a leave of absence that has been approved by the applicable Participating Company in such a manner as the Board may determine from time to time.